1. What Are Genotypic And Phenotypic Ratios?

Genotypic ratio refers to the ratio of different genotypes in the offspring from a genetic cross, while phenotypic ratio refers to the ratio of different observable traits. These ratios are fundamental concepts in Mendelian genetics.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator determines genetic ratios based on the type of cross selected:

Common genetic ratios:

• Monohybrid cross (Aa x Aa): Genotypic 1:2:1, Phenotypic 3:1
• Dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb): Genotypic 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1, Phenotypic 9:3:3:1
• Test cross (Aa x aa): Both ratios 1:1

3. Importance Of Genetic Ratios

Details: Understanding genetic ratios is essential for predicting inheritance patterns, studying genetic disorders, and in selective breeding programs. These ratios form the foundation of classical genetics.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Simply select the type of genetic cross from the dropdown menu and click calculate. The calculator will display both the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for that specific cross.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between genotypic and phenotypic ratio?
A: Genotypic ratio describes genetic makeup (e.g., AA, Aa, aa), while phenotypic ratio describes observable traits (e.g., tall vs short plants).

Q2: Do these ratios always hold true?
A: These are theoretical ratios based on Mendelian inheritance. Actual results may vary due to factors like genetic linkage, incomplete dominance, or codominance.

Q3: What is a test cross used for?
A: A test cross (cross with homozygous recessive) helps determine whether an individual with dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.

Q4: How do dihybrid crosses differ from monohybrid?
A: Dihybrid crosses involve two traits simultaneously, following the principle of independent assortment.

Q5: Are there exceptions to these ratios?
A: Yes, exceptions include linked genes, epistasis, mitochondrial inheritance, and polygenic traits which don't follow simple Mendelian ratios.