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Percentage Yield Equation:
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Percentage yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction. It compares the actual amount of product obtained from a reaction (actual yield) to the maximum possible amount that could be produced (theoretical yield).
The calculator uses the percentage yield equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation calculates what percentage of the theoretical maximum was actually achieved in the reaction.
Details: Percentage yield is crucial for assessing reaction efficiency, optimizing chemical processes, calculating economic viability, and identifying potential sources of product loss in chemical reactions.
Tips: Enter both actual yield and theoretical yield in grams. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the percentage yield.
Q1: What is a good percentage yield?
A: In organic chemistry, yields of 90-100% are considered excellent, 80-90% very good, 70-80% good, and below 70% may indicate issues with the reaction or purification process.
Q2: Why is percentage yield never 100%?
A: Percentage yield is rarely 100% due to incomplete reactions, side reactions, loss during purification, measurement errors, or experimental techniques.
Q3: What's the difference between percentage yield and atom economy?
A: Percentage yield measures efficiency of a specific reaction, while atom economy evaluates how efficiently atoms are used in a reaction from starting materials to products.
Q4: Can percentage yield be greater than 100%?
A: In theory, no. If calculated yield exceeds 100%, it typically indicates impurities in the product, measurement errors, or incorrect theoretical yield calculation.
Q5: How can I improve percentage yield?
A: Optimize reaction conditions (temperature, time, catalyst), use pure reagents, improve isolation techniques, minimize side reactions, and ensure complete conversion.