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Molar Solubility Formula:
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The molar solubility (S) formula calculates the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a solution at equilibrium, derived from its solubility product constant (Ksp). This relationship is fundamental in chemistry for predicting solubility behavior of sparingly soluble salts.
The calculator uses the molar solubility formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the molar solubility of a compound based on its Ksp value and the stoichiometry of its dissociation reaction.
Details: Molar solubility calculations are essential for predicting precipitation reactions, designing chemical processes, understanding bioavailability of drugs, and environmental chemistry applications.
Tips: Enter Ksp value (must be greater than 0) and the number of ions (n) in the formula unit. Both values must be valid positive numbers.
Q1: What does Ksp represent?
A: Ksp (solubility product constant) is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution. It represents the product of the concentrations of the ions in a saturated solution.
Q2: How do I determine the value of n?
A: n is determined from the stoichiometry of the dissolution reaction. For example, for AgCl → Ag⁺ + Cl⁻, n=2; for CaF₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2F⁻, n=3.
Q3: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula applies to simple 1:1 electrolytes or when the dissolution produces equal numbers of cations and anions. For more complex stoichiometries, the calculation may require adjustment.
Q4: What are the limitations of this approach?
A: This simplified approach assumes ideal behavior, no common ion effect, and neglects activity coefficients. It may not be accurate for very soluble compounds or in solutions with high ionic strength.
Q5: How does temperature affect molar solubility?
A: Temperature significantly affects both Ksp and solubility. Most dissolution processes are endothermic, so solubility typically increases with temperature, though there are exceptions.